What is Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Description of the Disease

Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic condition characterized by the formation of cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can be small or large, and their number may increase over time, leading to gradual deterioration of kidney function.

Classification

Polycystic kidney disease is divided into two types: inherited and acquired. Inherited polycystic kidney disease is passed down through the generations, while acquired polycystic kidney disease can develop as a result of other kidney diseases.

Symptoms

Symptoms of polycystic kidney disease may include back pain, blood in the urine, high blood pressure, enlargement of the kidneys or abdomen, headaches, fatigue, and others.

Causes

The main cause of inherited polycystic kidney disease is the presence of mutations in the genes responsible for kidney development. Acquired polycystic kidney disease can be caused by other conditions such as cystitis, infections, or tumors.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease may involve ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, blood and urine tests for excess substances, as well as genetic testing.

Treatment

Treatment of polycystic kidney disease aims to relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. This may include taking medications to lower blood pressure, a diet with restricted salt and protein, and in some cases, surgical intervention.

Prevention

Since inherited polycystic kidney disease cannot be prevented, prevention is limited to early detection of symptoms and regular medical monitoring.

Physician

The diagnosis and treatment of polycystic kidney disease are carried out by a nephrologist. In some cases, a geneticist consultation may be required.