What is HIV?

Description of the disease

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system of the body, specifically CD4 cells, leading to impairment of its functioning. Without a sufficient immune system, the body becomes vulnerable to various infections and tumors, which can lead to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Classification

• HIV-1
• HIV-2

Symptoms

• Fever
• Weakened immune system
• Weight loss
• Frequent infections

Causes

HIV is transmitted through infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. The most common mode of transmission is through sexual contact, as well as through shared injection equipment for drug use. Transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding is also possible.

Diagnosis

Special tests such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), PCR (polymerase chain reaction), etc. are performed to diagnose HIV.

Treatment

Antiretroviral therapy is available, which helps maintain the level of viral load in the body at a low level and also strengthens the immune system.

Prevention

• Use of condoms during sexual intercourse
• Use of clean instruments for injections
• Testing and counseling before pregnancy

Doctor

HIV treatment is provided by an infectious disease specialist or an immunologist.